Hg~(2+)对水鳖(Hydrocharis dubia)叶片生理生化及超微结构的毒害效应     

郝怀庆  施国新  杜开和  徐勤松 《湖泊科学》2001,(2)

研究了不同浓度Hg2 +对水鳖叶片光合放氧速率、呼吸速率、细胞膜透性、硝酸还原酶活性以及超微结构的毒害影响 .结果表明 ,随着Hg2 +浓度的增加 ,水鳖叶片的光合放氧速率逐渐下降 ,呼吸速率、硝酸还原酶活性先升后降 ,而细胞膜透性则逐渐上升 .电镜观察发现 ,水鳖叶细胞遭受Hg2 +毒害初期 ,染色质凝集 ,叶绿体中类囊体片层以及线粒体嵴突膨胀 .随着叶细胞遭受毒害程度的加深 ,核膜破裂 ,染色质与核质消失 ,叶绿体膨胀解体 ,线粒体空泡化  相似文献   

Aspects of the cycle of inorganic nitrogen compounds in the tropical rain forest of the Ivory Coast     

Jean Servant  Robert Delmas  Jacques Rancher  Marcel Rodriguez 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1984,1(4):391-401

A partial balance of mineral N is given for the basins of two coastal rivers in a forest zone in the Ivory Coast. The dry and wet depositions on the basin surfaces is given for particulate matter (NO₃ ^–, NH₄ ⁺). The quantity of mineral N washed away in the rivers is evaluated. The losses from leaching of the soils by rainwater are about 0.33 to 1.0% of the atmospheric depositions for NH₄ ⁺–N and 2.2 to 5.8% for NO₃ ^––N. The yearly atmospheric input of N compounds to the ecosystem, about 1.4 g N m^–2 y^–1, is at least 14% of mineral N formed in the soils and is therefore quite significant.  相似文献   

Trace gas exchange at the air/water interface: Measurements of mass accommodation coefficients     

W. Kirchner  F. Welter  A. Bongartz  J. Kames  S. Schweighoefer  U. Schurath 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1990,10(4):427-449

A liquid jet of 90 m diameter and variable length has been utilized to determine absorption rates and, hence, mass accommodation coefficients , of atmospheric trace gases. The compounds investigated are HCl (0.01), HNO₃ (0.01), N₂O₅ (0.005), peroxyacetyl nitrate (>0.001), and HONO (0.005). It is concluded that the absorption of these trace gases by liquid atmospheric water is not significantly retarded by interfacial mass transport. The strengths and limitations of the liquid jet technique for measuring mass accommodation coefficients are explored.  相似文献   

Chemical aspects of iron oxide coagulation in water: Laboratory studies and implications for natural systems     

Liyuan Liang  James J. Morgan 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1990,52(1):32-55

Initial coagulation rates of colloidal hematite (-Fe₂O₃) particles (diameter less than 0.1 µm) were measured experimentally in well-defined laboratory systems at constant temperature. The relative stability ratio,W, was obtained at various ionic strengths in NaCl medium and at pH values in the range from 3 to 12. ExperimentalW values ranged from 1 to 10⁴ in various systems. The results delineate the roles ofspecific andgeneralized coagulation mechanisms for iron oxides. Among the specifically-interacting species (G _ads ⁰ >G _coul ⁰ ) studied were phosphate, monomeric organic acids of various structures, and polymeric organic acids. The critical coagulation-restabilization concentrations of specifically-interacting anions (from 10^–7 to 10^–4 molar) can be compared with the general effects of non-specific electrolyte coagulants (10^–3 to 10^–1 molar). The laboratory results are interpreted with the help of a Surface Complex Formation/Diffuse Layer Model (SCF/DLM) which describes variations of interfacial charge and potential resulting from variations of coagulating species in solution. Comparison of these laboratory experiments with observations on iron behavior in estuarine and lake waters aids in understanding iron removal mechanisms and coagulation time scales in natural systems.  相似文献   

Relationship of topography to surface water chemistry with particular focus on nitrogen and organic carbon solutes within a forested watershed in Hokkaido,Japan     

Akiko Ogawa  Hideaki Shibata  Kei Suzuki  Myron J. Mitchell  Yoshiyuki Ikegami 《水文研究》2006,20(2):251-265

We studied the relationships between streamwater chemistry and the topography of subcatchments in the Dorokawa watershed in Hokkaido Island, northern Japan, to examine the use of topography as a predictor of streamwater chemistry in a watershed with relatively moderate terrain compared with other regions of Japan. Topographic characteristics of the Dorokawa watershed and its subcatchments were expressed as topographic index (TI) values, which ranged from 4·5 to 20·4 for individual grid cells (50 × 50 m²), but averaged from 6·4 to 7·4 for the 20 subcatchments. Streamwater samples for chemical analyses were collected four times between June and October 2002 from 20 locations in the watershed. The pH of water that passed through the watershed increased from ～5·0 to 7·0, with major increases in Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ and marked decreases in NO₃^? and SO . Distinctive spatial patterns were observed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and NO₃^? concentrations of streamwater across the watershed. Statistical analyses indicated significant linear relationships between the average TI values of subcatchments and DOC, DON, and NO₃^? concentrations. Furthermore, the proportion of DOC in streamwaters in the wet season increased with TI values relative to other nitrogen species, whereas NO₃^? concentrations decreased with TI. The gradients of soil wetness and the presence of wetlands explained many of the observed spatial and temporal patterns of DOC, DON, and NO₃^? concentrations in the surface waters of the Dorokawa watershed. Our results suggest that the TI is especially useful for predicting the spatial distribution of DOC, DON and NO₃^? in the surface waters of Hokkaido, where topographical relief is moderate and wetlands more common than in other regions of Japan. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

离子色谱法测定水果和蔬菜中硝酸盐     

佘小林孙伟  叶晓勤王茜 陶文新 《岩矿测试》2007,26(3):233-234237

利用DIONEX-2020i离子色谱仪、IonPac AS3分离柱对蔬菜和水果中硝酸盐进行测定。通过．等冀合适的前处理方法，获得纯清溶液。提出只使用分离柱，以提高灵敏度、缩短出峰时间和改善峰形。方法精密度好、检出限低、操作简便快速，用于实际样品的检测，10次测定的相对标准偏差小于2％，加标回收率为97％～98％。  相似文献   

细菌反硝化法同时分析天然水中硝酸盐氮、氧同位素组成研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

毛绪美  罗泽娇  刘存富  刘江霞  李永勇 《地质科技情报》2006,25(5):97-100

细菌反硝化法是目前同时分析天然水中硝酸盐氮、氧同位素组成的最新方法。该方法包括反硝化菌的选取与培养,利用反硝化菌将硝酸根完全转化成N2O气体以及N2O气体的提取、纯化和同位素测定。该方法采用硝酸盐标准,对测试结果需进行试剂本底、同位素分馏、同位素交换校正。与传统方法相比,细菌反硝化法可同时分析低浓度微量水中硝酸盐的氮、氧同位素组成,且速度更快捷,结果更可靠。  相似文献   

Position of the Gulf Stream influences lake nitrate concentrations in SW Ireland     

Eleanor Jennings  Norman Allott 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2006,68(4):482-489

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Measurement of the total nitrogen in lake sediments： Comparison and its environmental significance     

Wei JIANG Xinqing LEE 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):12-12

Nitrogen cycle is an important bio-geochemical process in the environment. Measurement of the total nitrogen （TN） is a routine experiment in agriculture, biology and environmental sciences. The Kjeldahl method （KM） and elemental analyzer method （EA） are both commonly used to determine TN. Total nitrogen by EA is the sum of nitrate （NO3）, nitrite （NO2）, organic nitrogen and ammonia. Total nitrogen by KM （TKN） is made up of both organic nitrogen and ammonia. A comparative study focused on the two methods is conducted by analysis of TN in 97 samples from the sediment sequence of Gouchi, a salt lake in North China. KM presents a higher degree of accuracy than EA with a standard deviation of 0.007 vs. 0.024. With the presence of nitrate and/or nitrite nitrogen, however, measurement by KM is considerably lower than that by EA. Therefore, for samples from lake sediment sequences or soils in North China, KM is inapplicable to determining TN because of usually high contents of nitrous salt. Despite the inconsistency, use of both methods to the same samples makes sense in reconstructions of climatic and environmental changes from lake sediments. In Lake Gouchi, the contents of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen vary from 1.40% in the lower part of the sequence to 14.77% in the uppermost part, suggesting a gradual evolution process from a fresh water lake to the present-day salt lake.  相似文献   

Oxidized Nitrogen in the Remote Pacific: The Role of Electrical Discharges over the Oceans     

LAURA GALLARDO  HENNING RODHE 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1997,26(2):147-168

Simulations of oxidized nitrogen performed withglobal transport tracer models systematicallyunderestimate the concentrations of total nitrate atremote marine locations in the Mid-Pacific. Higheremission rates in the models of nitrogen oxides( ) from continental sources or alarger influx from the stratosphere do not seem tobe able to account for the shortfall. We are led toconclude that there has to be a substantial sourcelocated in oceanic areas. We speculate that -emission from electrical discharges overthe oceans could be the source we are looking for.Airborne observations of atmospheric concentrationsof oxidized nitrogen and ozone in the remoteatmosphere and observations of nitrate wetdeposition in remote sites are used as additionalconstraints to check the plausibility of thishypothesis. We find that a larger emission of due to lightning activity over the oceansindeed results in a much improved simulation oftotal nitrate in the remote Pacific, particularly inthe Equatorial and Tropical South Pacific and thatsuch a scenario is generally consistent withavailable observations of nitrate wet deposition andatmospheric concentrations of oxidized nitrogen andozone. An alternative hypothesis is that there is ahitherto unknown in situ source of over thePacific Ocean.  相似文献